Traditional Iranian and Mediterranean architecture are inspired by two distinct cultures and climates, yet both demonstrate a profound understanding of the environment. This paper examines the characteristics of traditional Iranian and Mediterranean architecture, showcasing how both have utilized indigenous knowledge and adapted to climatic conditions to create sustainable and aesthetically pleasing environments that meet the needs of residents while preserving cultural and historical values. The analysis is based on the study of environmental and biophysical impacts on architectural design. The results reveal that a deep understanding of the environment, combined with the principles of traditional architecture, can lead to sustainable and enduring architecture that remains functional and effective even after many years. The traditional architecture of Yazd, with features such as its winding alleys, exemplifies how indigenous knowledge and climatic adaptation can create environments that cater to the needs of residents while safeguarding cultural and historical values. This study illustrates how both cultures, through their spatial expressions, have contributed to improving residents' quality of life and the timelessness of their architecture.
